What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body processes blood sugar (glucose), a crucial energy source. In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little or no insulin, the hormone needed to allow glucose into cells. In Type 2 diabetes, the body either becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough. High blood sugar from untreated diabetes can damage nerves, kidneys, eyes, and the heart. Proper management is essential to avoid complications.
Types of Diabetes
There are primarily two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It often starts in childhood. Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough of it. There's also gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy and increases the mother’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Managing Diabetes
Effective diabetes management involves consistent monitoring of blood glucose levels, a healthy diet, and regular exercise. For those with Type 1 diabetes or advanced Type 2, insulin injections or a pump are necessary. Medications like metformin can help control blood sugar for many Type 2 diabetics. Advances in technology, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps, make managing diabetes easier. Additionally, routine check-ups are essential to prevent or catch complications early.